Numerical Analysis of Aerodynamic Load Characteristics and Pressure Distribution of NACA 4412 Airfoil in Vertical Wind Turbines
Abstract
Abstract
The performance of a wind turbine is largely determined by its blade design, which typically uses airfoil-shaped cross-sections to optimize aerodynamic efficiency. The NACA 4412 airfoil, known for its strong aerodynamic properties, is commonly employed in both aircraft wings and wind turbine blades. Research on this airfoil investigates its lift and drag coefficients under varying wind speeds (2 m/s to 8 m/s), using SolidWorks 2021 for simulations. Results show that higher wind speeds generally increase lift and drag coefficients, with the highest lift coefficient recorded at 6 m/s. However, at 8 m/s, the lift coefficient decreases, highlighting the sensitivity of aerodynamic performance to speed variations. Additionally, pressure distribution increases with speed, while speed distribution decreases. These findings emphasize the importance of speed variations in influencing the aerodynamic behavior of wind turbine blades. The speed variation on the NACA 4412 airfoil affects the lift coefficient, where the lift coefficient and drag coefficient values will increase at each speed, but at a speed of 8 m/s the lift coefficient and drag coefficient will decrease with a lift coefficient value of 1670314e+06 and a drag coefficient value of 7.857e+07. The highest lift coefficient value occurs at a flow speed of 6 m/s of 3.54769e+04, and the highest drag coefficient value occurs at a flow speed of 6 m/s of 2.606e+06.
Keywords: Airfoil NACA 4412; CFD; Speed Variations; Lift Coefficient and Drag.
Abstrak
Kinerja turbin angin sebagian besar ditentukan oleh desain bilahnya, yang biasanya menggunakan penampang berbentuk airfoil untuk mengoptimalkan efisiensi aerodinamis. Airfoil NACA 4412, yang dikenal karena sifat aerodinamisnya yang kuat, umumnya digunakan pada sayap pesawat dan bilah turbin angin. Penelitian pada airfoil ini menyelidiki koefisien gaya angkat dan gaya hambatnya dalam berbagai kecepatan angin (2 m/s hingga 8 m/s), menggunakan SolidWorks 2021 untuk simulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan angin yang lebih tinggi umumnya meningkatkan koefisien gaya angkat dan gaya hambat, dengan koefisien gaya angkat tertinggi tercatat pada 6 m/s. Namun, pada 8 m/s, koefisien gaya angkat menurun, yang menyoroti sensitivitas kinerja aerodinamis terhadap variasi kecepatan. Selain itu, distribusi tekanan meningkat seiring dengan kecepatan, sementara distribusi kecepatan menurun. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya variasi kecepatan dalam memengaruhi perilaku aerodinamis bilah turbin angin. Variasi kecepatan pada airfoil NACA 4412 mempengaruhi koefisien gaya angkat, dimana nilai koefisien gaya angkat dan koefisien gaya hambat akan bertambah pada setiap kecepatan, namun pada kecepatan 8 m/s koefisien gaya angkat dan koefisien gaya hambat akan berkurang dengan nilai koefisien gaya angkat sebesar 1.670314e+06 dan nilai koefisien gaya hambat sebesar 7.857e+07. Nilai koefisien gaya angkat tertinggi terjadi pada kecepatan aliran 6 m/s sebesar 3.54769e+04, dan nilai koefisien gaya hambat tertinggi terjadi pada kecepatan aliran 6 m/s sebesar 2.606e+06.
Kata Kunci : Airfoil NACA 4412; CFD; Variasi Kecepatan; Koefisien Angkat dan Hambatan.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adjailia, F., & Takáč, M. (2023). Computational Methods in Computational Fluid Dynamics (pp. 83–91). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1431-9_7
Afshari, Faraz, Khanlari, Ataollah, Sözen, Adnan, Tuncer, Azim Doğuş, Ates, Ibrahim, & Sahin, Bayram. (2022). CFD analysis and experimental investigation to determine the flow characteristics around NACA 4412 airfoil blades at different wind speeds and blade angles. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 237(5), 1915–1925. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089221128421
Albers, M., & Schröder, W. (2021). Lower drag and higher lift for turbulent airfoil flow by moving surfaces. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 88, 108770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2020.108770
Duan, F., Song, Y., Gao, S., Liu, Y., Chu, W., Lu, X., & Liu, Z. (2023). Study on Aerodynamic Instability and Galloping Response of Rail Overhead Contact Line Based on Wind Tunnel Tests. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 72(6), 7211–7220. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3243024
Eftekhari, H., Mahdi Al-Obaidi, A. S., & Eftekhari, S. (2022). Aerodynamic Performance of Vertical and Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines: A Comparison Review. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 7(1), 65–88. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v7i1.43161
Elgammi, M., Aokaly, A., & Aldali, Y. (2021). Development of a new aerofoil profile with a high lift-to-drag ratio for wind turbines using a low fidelity accurate optimization flow solver. Energy Harvesting and Systems, 8(1), 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1515/ehs-2021-0009
Fatahian, E., Nichkoohi, A. L., & Fatahian, H. (2019). Numerical study of the effect of suction at a compressible and high Reynolds number flow to control the flow separation over Naca 2415 airfoil. Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, An International Journal, 19(3), 170. https://doi.org/10.1504/PCFD.2019.099598
Hidayat, T. (2022). Wind Power in Indonesia: Potential, Challenges, and Current Technology Overview. In Indonesia Post-Pandemic Outlook: Strategy towards Net-Zero Emissions by 2060 from the Renewables and Carbon-Neutral Energy Perspectives. Penerbit BRIN. https://doi.org/10.55981/brin.562.c7
Karadag, B., Kolbakir, C., & Durna, A. S. (2021). Plasma actuation effect on a NACA 4412 airfoil. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 93(10), 1610–1615. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-04-2021-0101
Langer, J., Quist, J., & Blok, K. (2021). Review of Renewable Energy Potentials in Indonesia and Their Contribution to a 100% Renewable Electricity System. Energies, 14(21), 7033. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217033
Loutun, M. J. T., Didane, D. H., Mohideen Batcha, M. F., Abdullah, K., Mohd Ali, M. F., Mohammed, A. N., & Afolabi, L. O. (2021). 2D CFD Simulation Study on the Performance of Various NACA Airfoils. CFD Letters, 13(4), 38–50. https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.13.4.3850
Lubis, S., Siregar, M. A., Damanik, W. S., Hasibuan, E. S., Pane, R., Astuti, R., & Alpi, M. F. (2023). Flow numerical analysis in the process of pouring resin on pelton turbine blade molds using solidworks software. 040002. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0185486
Nastro, G., Robinet, J.-C., Loiseau, J.-C., Passaggia, P.-Y., & Mazellier, N. (2023). Global stability, sensitivity and passive control of low-Reynolds-number flows around NACA 4412 swept wings. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 957, A5. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2023.41
Oberkampf, W. L., & Trucano, T. G. (2002). Verification and validation in computational fluid dynamics. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 38(3), 209–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-0421(02)00005-2
Rahal, S., & Dutta, S. (2024). Aerodynamic performance and stall characteristics of the NACA4412 airfoil: low Reynolds number. Sādhanā, 49(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-023-02349-z
Rayhan, A. M., Hossain, M. S., Mim, R. H., & Ali, M. (2024). Computational and experimental study on the aerodynamic performance of NACA 4412 airfoil with slot and groove. Heliyon, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31595
Sahid, S., Mulyono, M., & Fauzi, D. A. (2024). Performance Analysis of H-Type Darrieus Turbine Radial Projection Blades Based on NACA 0018. Eksergi, 20(02), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v20i02.5806
Soetanto, M. F., Sugianto, S., Hartono, B., & Z, M. R. (2023). Numerical Study of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Airflow Around NACA 0012 and NACA 4412 Airfoils at Re = 170000. Current Journal: International Journal Applied Technology Research, 4(2), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.35313/ijatr.v4i2.134
Taylor, N. J., & Rumsey, C. L. (2021). CFD Validation Experiments: Toward a Broader Perspective. AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1933
Tyas Amalia, A., Entikaria Rachmanita, R., & Rudiyanto, B. (2022). Analisa Aerodinamika Airfoil NACA 4412 Bentuk SemiInverse-Tapper Tipe HAWT (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine). Jurnal Sais Terapan, 8(1), 13–18.
Umurani, K., Muharnif, M., Rahmatullah, R., & Tanjung, I. (2023). Characterization of heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop in rectangular channel featuring different V-ribs construction. 040008. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0185755
Wahju, M. B., & Nur, T. (2023). Opportunity and challenge for small wind power project in Indonesia. AIP Conf. Proc, 80009. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0110755
DOI: https://doi.org/10.38038/vocatech.v8i1.303
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Vocatech : Vocational and Technology Journal
Unit Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat & Penjaminan Mutu
Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat
Komplek STTU Alue Peunyareng, Ujong Tanoh Darat, Meureubo, Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Aceh 23615
Telp. (0655) 7110271
Email: vocatech@aknacehbarat.ac.id
Vocatech: Vocational Education and Technology Journal Published by:
Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat & Penjaminan Mutu
Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat
Indexed by:
Vocatech: Vocational Education and Technology Journal Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Published by: Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat & Penjaminan Mutu Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat