Pembuatan Bio Komposit Ramah Lingkungan Dari Ampas Kopi dengan Menggunakan Resin Unsaturated Polyester

Luthfi Luthfi, Teuku Riyadhsyah, Sumardi Sumardi, Azhar Azhar, Hamdani Hamdani

Abstract


     Abstract

Indonesia, as one of the world's largest coffee bean producers, generates substantial spent coffee ground (SCG) waste with untapped potential. Currently, SCG utilization remains suboptimal, with large quantities discarded without processing to enhance economic value. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using arabica and robusta SCG as fillers in unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) composites to develop value-added products from this waste. Five SCG volume fractions (5%–50%) were tested for each SCG type. Composites were cut into three specimens per fraction and mechanically tested per ASTM D638 (tensile) and ASTM C1341-06 (bending). Results showed that both tensile and bending strengths decreased with increasing SCG content for both types. Arabica SCG composites exhibited higher strengths at lower fractions (10%–30%): tensile 1.38–1.72 kgf/mm² and bending 2.08–2.72 kgf/mm², versus robusta (tensile 0.58–0.75 kgf/mm²; bending 1.22–1.45 kgf/mm²). At higher fractions (40%–50%), robusta outperformed arabica: tensile 0.58–0.75 kgf/mm² and bending 1.22–1.45 kgf/mm², versus arabica (tensile 0.45–0.68 kgf/mm²; bending 0.47–1.19 kgf/mm²). These findings highlight SCG's potential in affordable composites, with performance varying by type and loading.

 

Keywords:

arabica; composite; robusta; spent coffee grounds; unsaturated polyester resin


 

Abstrak

Indonesia sebagai salah satu produsen biji kopi terbesar di dunia menghasilkan limbah ampas kopi bekas (spent coffee ground/SCG) dalam jumlah besar yang memiliki potensi belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Saat ini, pemanfaatan SCG masih belum optimal, dengan jumlah limbah yang dibuang secara besar-besaran tanpa pengolahan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kelayakan penggunaan SCG arabika dan robusta sebagai pengisi dalam komposit resin poliester tak jenuh (unsaturated polyester resin/UPR) guna mengembangkan produk bernilai tambah dari limbah tersebut. Lima fraksi volume SCG (5%–50%) diuji untuk masing-masing jenis SCG. Komposit dipotong menjadi tiga spesimen per fraksi dan diuji mekanik sesuai ASTM D638 (tarik) dan ASTM C1341-06 (lentur). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan tarik dan lentur menurun seiring meningkatnya kandungan SCG untuk kedua jenis. Komposit SCG arabika menunjukkan kekuatan lebih tinggi pada fraksi rendah (10%–30%): tarik 1,38–1,72 kgf/mm² dan lentur 2,08–2,72 kgf/mm², dibandingkan robusta (tarik 0,58–0,75 kgf/mm²; lentur 1,22–1,45 kgf/mm²). Pada fraksi tinggi (40%–50%), robusta unggul: tarik 0,58–0,75 kgf/mm² dan lentur 1,22–1,45 kgf/mm², dibandingkan arabika (tarik 0,45–0,68 kgf/mm²; lentur 0,47–1,19 kgf/mm²). Temuan ini menyoroti potensi SCG dalam komposit terjangkau, dengan kinerja yang bervariasi berdasarkan jenis dan fraksi muatan.

 

Kata Kunci:

            ampas kopi; arabika; komposit; robusta; unsaturated polyester resin


Keywords


Mechanical Engineering

Full Text:

PDF

References


Bevilacqua, E., Cruzat, V., Singh, I., Rose’Meyer, R. B., Panchal, S. K., & Brown, L. (2023). The potential of spent coffee grounds in functional food development. Nutrients, 15(4), 994–994.

Blinová, L., Sirotiak, M., Bartošová, A., & Soldán, M. (2017). Utilization of waste from coffee production. Vedecké Práce Materiálovotechnologickej Fakulty Slovenskej Technickej Univerzity v Bratislave so Sídlom v Trnave, 25(40), 91–91.

FAOSTAT. (n.d.). Retrieved https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL

Franca, A. S., & Oliveira, L. S. (2009). Coffee processing solid wastes: Current uses and future perspectives. Agricultural Wastes, 9, 155–189.

Franca, A. S., & Oliveira, L. S. (2022). Potential uses of spent coffee grounds in the food industry. Foods, 11(14), 2064–2064.

Garcia, C. V., & Kim, Y.-T. (2021). Spent coffee grounds and coffee silverskin as potential materials for packaging: A review. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 29(8), 2372–2384.

Leow, Y., Yew, P. Y. M., Chee, P. L., Loh, X. J., & Kai, D. (2021). Recycling of spent coffee grounds for useful extracts and green composites. RSC Advances, 11(5), 2682–2692.

Luthfi, L. (2025). Tensile Strength and Morphology of Sago Pith Waste-Polyester Composites. Materials Science Forum, 1149, 23–29. https://www.scientific.net/MSF.1149.23

Luthfi, L., Azhar, A., Harahap, J., Riyadhsyah, T., & Sumardi, S. (2025). Pembuatan Material Pereduksi Panas Eco-Friendly Berbasis Komposit dengan Memanfaatkan Ampas Sagu. Jurnal Mekanova: Mekanikal, Inovasi Dan Teknologi, 11(1), 13–23.

Mendes, J. F., Martins, J. T., Manrich, A., Luchesi, B. R., Dantas, A. P. S., Vanderlei, R. M., Claro, P. C., Neto, A. R. de S., Mattoso, L. H. C., & Martins, M. A. (2021). Thermo-physical and mechanical characteristics of composites based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) e spent coffee grounds (SCG). Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 29(9), 2888–2900.

Nguyen, T. A., & Nguyen, Q. T. (2021). Hybrid biocomposites based on used coffee grounds and epoxy resin: Mechanical properties and fire resistance. International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021(1), 1919344–1919344.

Sel, E., & Gül, İ. D. Z. S. (2023). From Waste to Design: The Potentials of Recycled Coffee, Tea Residue and Cardboard Cups as Acoustical Panels.

Stylianou, M., Agapiou, A., Omirou, M., Vyrides, I., Ioannides, I. M., Maratheftis, G., & Fasoula, D. (2018). Converting environmental risks to benefits by using spent coffee grounds (SCG) as a valuable resource. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 35776–35790.

Suaduang, N., Ross, S., Ross, G. M., Pratumshat, S., & Mahasaranon, S. (2019). Effect of spent coffee grounds filler on the physical and mechanical properties of poly (lactic acid) bio-composite films. Materials Today: Proceedings, 17, 2104–2110.

Varieties—NCA - About Coffee. (n.d.). Retrieved https://www.aboutcoffee.org/beans/varieties/

Wu, H., Hu, W., Zhang, Y., Huang, L., Zhang, J., Tan, S., Cai, X., & Liao, X. (2016). Effect of oil extraction on properties of spent coffee ground–plastic composites. Journal of Materials Science, 51(22), 10205–10214.

Yang, W., Chang, W., Zhang, J., Yeoh, G. H., Boyer, C., & Wang, C. H. (2022). Effects of waste coffee grounds on the mechanical properties, flame retardancy and toxic gas production of epoxy composites. Materials & Design, 224, 111347–111347.

Yun, B. Y., Cho, H. M., Kim, Y. U., Lee, S. C., Berardi, U., & Kim, S. (2020). Circular reutilization of coffee waste for sound absorbing panels: A perspective on material recycling. Environmental Research, 184, 109281–109281.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.38038/vocatech.v8i1.317

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Vocatech : Vocational and Technology Journal
Unit Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat & Penjaminan Mutu
Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat
Komplek STTU Alue Peunyareng, Ujong Tanoh Darat, Meureubo, Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Aceh 23615
Telp. (0655) 7110271
Email: vocatech@aknacehbarat.ac.id

Vocatech: Vocational Education and Technology Journal Published by:
Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat & Penjaminan Mutu
Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat

Indexed by:

GS2 logoCrossref logoGaruda logosinta-5 logosinta-5 logo
Creative Commons License logo

Vocatech: Vocational Education and Technology Journal Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Published by: Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat & Penjaminan Mutu Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat