Planning The Upper Structure Of A Steel Arch Bridge With 3D Model Simulation Using SAP2000 Software
Abstract
Abstract
Steel arch bridges are one of the structural bridge types widely used due to their ability to transfer loads primarily through compressive forces, making them efficient for medium- to long-span applications. This study aims to design the superstructure of a steel arch bridge using three-dimensional modeling in SAP2000 and to evaluate its structural performance under various loading conditions in accordance with SNI and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) provisions. The research employs a quantitative approach based on numerical analysis using the Finite Element Method (FEM), consisting of several stages, including a literature review, collection of geometric and material data, structural modeling, load application, and analysis of the results. The structural model represents a bridge with a span of 100 m, a width of 9.4 m, and a height of 18.5 m, with variations in hanger configurations. The analysis results indicate that the steel arch bridge structure demonstrates good performance in resisting traffic, wind, and seismic loads, with a maximum deflection of 0.103, which remains within the allowable deflection limit for bridge loading specified in SNI 1725:2016. Furthermore, the axial forces, shear forces, and bending moments in all primary structural members satisfy the nominal capacity requirements in accordance with SNI 1729:2020. These findings demonstrate that the network-type hanger configuration with a 5° inclination angle provides the optimal performance, achieving the highest structural efficiency ratio compared with the Nielsen-type and vertical hanger configurations.
Keywords:
Finite element method; hanger configuration; numerical analysia; SAP2000; steel arch bridge
Jembatan pelengkung baja merupakan salah satu tipe struktur yang banyak diaplikasikan karena kemampuannya menyalurkan beban terutama melalui gaya tekan, sehingga efisien untuk bentang menengah hingga panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan merencanakan struktur atas jembatan baja pelengkung dengan pemodelan tiga dimensi menggunakan perangkat lunak SAP2000 serta menganalisis kinerja struktur terhadap beban sesuai ketentuan SNI dan LRFD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif berbasis analisis numerik dengan finite element method (FEM), melalui tahapan studi pustaka, pengumpulan data geometri dan material, pemodelan struktur, pembebanan, hingga analisis hasil. Pemodelan dilakukan pada jembatan dengan bentang 100 m, lebar 9,4 m, dan tinggi 18,5 m dengan variasi konfigurasi hanger. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa struktur jembatan pelengkung baja memiliki kinerja yang baik dalam menahan beban lalu lintas, angin, dan gempa dengan lendutan maksimum sebesar 0,103 m, masih berada dalam batas izin pembebanan pada jembatan sesuai SNI 1725:2016. Selain itu, gaya aksial, geser, dan momen pada elemen struktur utama semuanya memenuhi persyaratan kapasitas nominal sesuai SNI 1729:2020. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa konfigurasi hanger tipe network dengan sudut 5° menghasilkan performa optimal dengan rasio efisiensi struktur tertinggi dibandingkan dengan tipe nielsen dan tipe tegak lurus.
Kata Kunci:
Analisis numerik; finite element method; jembatan baja pelengkung; konfigurasi hanger; SAP2000
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.38038/vocatech.v8i2.354
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Vocatech : Vocational and Technology Journal
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