VOCATECH: Vocational Education and Technology Journal
type: channel
description: ABOUT JOURNAL E-ISSN :2716-5183 (online) P-ISSN : 2686-4770 (print) Accreditation Number : 105/E/KPT/2022 (SINTA 3) Frequency : Biannual (April and October) Citation Analysis : Dimensions, Google Scholar Publisher : LPPM AKN Aceh Barat dan ADGVI (View MoU) DOI Prefiks : https://doi.org/10.38038 Vocatech: Vocational Education and technology Journal ( p-ISSN 2716-5183 , e-ISSN 2686-4770 was launched in 2019. It is an academic journal jointly published by Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat and Asosiasi Dosen dan Guru Vokasi Indonesia based on the Memorandum of Understandingsigned between the two parties. Vocatech is published twice a year in April and October with the first volume being issued in October, 2019 with only one Issue. Since Vol.5 Issue 1, the journal charge the publication fee of IDR 800.000,- for accepted article. Previously the publisher held the copyright of the journal. Since 2021 the journal is published under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Articles published in Vocatech are based on the results of research and scientific reviews of contemporary phenomena in the field of engineering, technology and vocational education. Each article subbmitted to Vocatech will be sent to the editor's section for the Initial Desk Review process. Once the artcile passed initial review it will be sent to peer reviewers for Double-Blind Peer Review Process. Selected papers are publisehd under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The journal is registered in the CrossReff Digital Object Identifier (DOI), with prefix 10.38038/vocatech through Relawan Jurnal Indonesia Before Submission The author has ensured that the manuscript has been prepared using the Vocatech Template following the author's guidelines and not single author. All the manuscripts are checked for similarity index prior to publication. Any text that does not meet the guidelines, focus and scope of the author, is written in a diff…
publisher: Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat
language: en-US
publication name: VOCATECH: Vocational Education and Technology Journal
issn: 2686-4770
copyright: Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial- ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) Authors retain the copyright to their work. Users may read, copy and distribute the work in any form, provided the authors and the journal are appropriately credited or cited. Authors are permitted to also store the published article at other website/database systems. Authors are permitted to distribute the published article to colleagues, post it to open websites - non-commercial, reuse of portions or extracts from the articles in other works. However, authors are not allowed to send their manuscript to other scientific journals once it has been decided to be reviewed by reviewers at Vocatech (Vocational Education and Technology Journal).
items: Penggunaan Teknologi Imersif dalam Pendidikan Vokasional: Suatu Kajian Bibliometrik
items: Pengaruh Penambahan Serat Abaka Dan Substitusi 5% Abu Cangkang Tiram Dalam Menghasilkan Kuat Tarik Beton Mutu Tinggi
items: Pengaruh Tekanan Terhadap Umur Elektroda Pada Proses Las Titik Untuk Material Flow Through Heater
items: Revitalisasi Sistem Drainase Perkotaan dalam Upaya Keberlanjutan Sosial Ekonomi Daerah Pesisir melalui Implementasi Eco-Drainase
items: The New Educational Frontier: Agentic AI's Evolutionary Journey Through The Lens of SPAR-4-SLR
items: Identifikasi Perilaku Struktur Rusunawa Meulaboh Smart Building Menggunakan Sistem Base Isolation Tipe LRB
items: Analisis Pengaruh Parameter Mesin Cnc Laser Cutting terhadap Waktu dan Akurasi Dimensi
items: Analisis Temporal Perubahan Senyawa Dan Indikasi Korosi Awal Pada Beton Bertulang Di Lingkungan Air Laut Buatan Menggunakan FTIR
items: Prioritas Rehabilitasi Jaringan Irigasi Di Jeuram Menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Untuk Mengoptimalkan Produktivitas Pertanian
items: Analisis Tren Historis Dan Proyeksi Curah Hujan 2080 Di Das Juwana: Pendekatan Downscaling Statistik
items: Pemetaan Kemampuan Mahasiswa Dalam Penulisan Akademik Sebagai Dasar Sistem Pembelajaran Pendidikan Tinggi Berbasis AI
items: Pengaruh Faktor Umur Dan Lingkungan Terhadap Organisasi Terhadap Durabilitas Beton Dengan Substitusi Parsial Serbuk Kayu
items: Evaluation of Signalized Intersection Capacity and PCE Using Linear Regression in Mixed Traffic
items: Penentuan Sudut Kemiringan Optimal Instalasi Panel Surya Untuk Memaksimalkan Energi Output: Sistematic Literatur Review
items: Analysis of Performance Characteristics and Efficiency of Electric Car Battery Charging Using The Method (CC-CV)
items: Analisis Pop-Up Infak pada Aplikasi Byond BSI Menggunakan Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
items: Evaluasi Kinerja Saluran Drainase Pada Jalan Nasional Di Kawasan Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe
items: Sistem IoT dan Algoritma Naive Bayes untuk Monitoring Kualitas Air Laut secara Real-Time
items: Faktor-Faktor Pemborosan Material Pekerjaan Arsitektural Pada Proyek Perumahan Griya Gigeh Putroe Ijo

Penggunaan Teknologi Imersif dalam Pendidikan Vokasional: Suatu Kajian Bibliometrik
type: item
description: Abstrak Studi ini melakukan analisis bibliometrik untuk menelaah perkembangan publikasi mengenai penggunaan teknologi imersif dalam pendidikan vokasional. Tujuan penelitian adalah memetakan distribusi publikasi ilmiah, menemukan penulis paling produktif, meninjau pola kolaborasi penulisan, serta mengkaji pola sitasi. Data dikumpulkan dari basis data Scopus dengan kata kunci “teknologi imersif”, “virtual reality”, “augmented reality”, “pendidikan vokasional”, serta istilah lain yang relevan. Seluruh hasil pencarian diseleksi untuk menjamin kesesuaian dengan topik, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan R Studio. Hasil pencarian menghasilkan 265 publikasi yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2018 hingga Oktober 2025. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan teknologi imersif dalam pendidikan vokasional semakin meluas dan memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap perkembangannya. Dari sisi sumber publikasi, Applied Sciences (Switzerland) menempati posisi utama dengan kontribusi dua belas artikel. Sementara itu, German muncul sebagai negara paling produktif sekaligus paling berpengaruh dengan 33 artikel dan total 238 sitasi, diikuti oleh UK. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan bagi peneliti yang perhatian pada pendidikan vokasional, karena mampu menunjukkan tren, arah perkembangan dan potensi kontribusi teknologi imersif dalam bidang tersebut. memberikan dasar praktis bagi pendidik dan pembuat kebijakan untuk menentukan strategi implementasi teknologi imersif yang lebih tepat guna dengan mengidentifikasi tren, tema utama, dan area riset yang perlu dikembangkan dalam pendidikan vokasional. Temuan ini dapat digunakan untuk merencanakan kurikulum, pelatihan, dan investasi teknologi secara lebih terarah sesuai kebutuhan tiap jenjang pendidikan vokasional. Kata Kunci: Teknologi imersif, Virtual Reality, Augmenten Reality, Pendidikan Vokasional, Analisis Bibliometrik Abstract This study conducts a bibliometric analysis to examine the development of publications on the use of immersive technology in voc…
creator: Ulfa Dyah Amini
creator: Farthur Ahkyat
creator: V. Lilik Hariyanto
creator: Rial Fauza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ulfa Dyah Amini, Farthur Ahkyat, V. Lilik Hariyanto
date: 2025-12-17
publication date: 2025-12-17
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 179
ending page: 189
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.270

Pengaruh Penambahan Serat Abaka Dan Substitusi 5% Abu Cangkang Tiram Dalam Menghasilkan Kuat Tarik Beton Mutu Tinggi
type: item
description: Abstract Abaca fiber is a natural reinforcement material with potential to improve the tensile performance of concrete. However, its application in high-strength concrete is often hindered by fiber agglomeration, and studies on its use in such concrete remain limited. This research investigates the effect of incorporating abaca fiber in combination with 5% Oyster Shell Ash (OSA) as a partial cement replacement on the splitting tensile strength of high-strength concrete. Concrete specimens (100 mm × 200 mm cylinders) were prepared with abaca fiber contents of 0.15%, 0.30%, and 0.45% by weight of cement. The OSA was sourced from Krueng Neng, Aceh Besar, while the abaca fiber was obtained from East Java, Indonesia. The mix design followed ACI 211.4R-93 guidelines and ASTM testing standards, targeting a compressive strength of 9000 psi (≈ 62 MPa). After 28 days of water curing, results showed that the lowest splitting tensile strength was recorded for normal concrete (6.81 MPa), while the highest value was obtained for the mix containing 5% OSA and 0.30% abaca fiber (8.87 MPa). These findings indicate that the synergy between OSA and optimal abaca fiber content can significantly enhance the tensile performance of high-strength concrete. Keywords: Oyster shell ash; abaca fiber; concrete high strength; splitting tensile strength Abstrak Serat abaka merupakan material penguat alami yang berpotensi meningkatkan kinerja tarik beton. Namun, penerapannya pada beton mutu tinggi sering terkendala oleh penggumpalan serat, dan kajian terkait penggunaannya pada beton mutu tinggi masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan serat abaka yang dikombinasikan dengan 5% Abu Cangkang Tiram (ACT) sebagai pengganti sebagian semen dalam menghasilkan kuat tarik belah beton mutu tinggi. Benda uji berupa silinder berukuran 100 mm × 200 mm dibuat dengan variasi kadar serat abaka sebesar 0,15%, 0,30%, dan 0,45% dari berat semen. ACT diperoleh dari Krueng Neng, Ace…
creator: Bunyamin Bunyamin
creator: Isnaini Isnaini
creator: Heru Pramanda
creator: Muhammad Ridha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bunyamin Bunyamin, Isnaini Isnaini, Heru Pramanda, Muhammad Ridha
date: 2025-12-17
publication date: 2025-12-17
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 190
ending page: 201
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.244

Pengaruh Tekanan Terhadap Umur Elektroda Pada Proses Las Titik Untuk Material Flow Through Heater
type: item
description: Abstract The pressure supplied to the electrode has a direct impact on the quality of the weld joint, making it one of the aspects that significantly affects the spot-welding process. The electrode's short lifespan is a major problem in resistance spot welding for high-volume vehicle manufacturing since the electrode component is crucial to the spot-welding process. The Work Instruction specifies the electrode's parameters, which include an energy storage of 209 V and an air pressure of 0.25±0.05 MPa. A charge voltage of 178 V is used throughout the welding process, with a squeeze of 9–12 seconds and a compress duration of 12 seconds. The holder holds the electrode along a length of 21 mm, with the upper and lower electrodes separated by 12 mm. The relative humidity is 70% and outside temperature is 30°C. 400-grit sandpaper is used to clean the electrode surface following 500 welds. An investigation of how electrode pressure affects electrode longevity during spot welding was carried out. The study used SolidWorks software's static and fatigue simulation techniques, modified for field circumstances. The pressing force applied to the electrode and its effect on electrode longevity were examined using this program. With a damage percentage of just 0.002%, the results demonstrated that a pressure of 0.25 MPa had no discernible effect on electrode degradation within 2100 cycles. Under this pressure, the electrode may last up to 100,000,000 cycles before failing. The study's findings indicate that the pressing process has little effect on electrode longevity. Keywords: Electrode., Lifetime., Spot welding., Solidworks simulation Abstrak Salah satu faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi proses las titik, yaitu tekanan terhadap elektroda, karena akan secara langsung mempengaruhi kualitas sambungan pada pengelasan. Komponen elektroda sangat penting dalam metode pengelasan titik, sehingga umur pakai elektroda yang pendek menjadi masalah krusial dalam pengelasan titik resistansi pada…
creator: Nurul Fadilah
creator: Tian Havwini
creator: Hendra Butar Butar
creator: Andrew William Patria Mantik
creator: Ebeng Sugondo
creator: Aulia Putri Siregar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Fadilah
date: 2025-12-19
publication date: 2025-12-19
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 202
ending page: 211
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.213

Revitalisasi Sistem Drainase Perkotaan dalam Upaya Keberlanjutan Sosial Ekonomi Daerah Pesisir melalui Implementasi Eco-Drainase
type: item
description: Abstract Kuta Padang Village, situated in West Aceh Regency, experiences drainage issues that result in flooding reaching the road surface during periods of heavy rainfall. This condition occurs due to waste accumulation in the drainage channels, overgrown vegetation obstructing flow along the channels, and sedimentation leading to siltation. The objective of this study are to analyze the total flood discharge that the existing drainage system can accommodate and to design an eco-drainage system using infiltration wells. The data used in this research consist of primary data (measurements of drainage dimensions, flow direction, and existing drainage conditions) and secondary data, including rainfall data, topographic maps, land use maps, and drainage network maps, which were processed using hydrological and hydraulic analyses. A Hydraulic analysis was conducted to evaluate the capacity of the drainage channels required in the eco-drainage planning through the use of plastic drum infiltration wells. Based on data processing and analysis results, the rainfall with a 5-year return period was found to be 201.27 mm/hour. The comparison between the planned flood discharge and the capacity of the existing drainage channels at three sample points—channels 2, 20, and 40—showed that channels 20 and 40 can still accommodate the planned flood discharge, while channel 2 is insufficient since its capacity is lower than the flood discharge. Mitigation efforts include normalizing the channels that are still functional, while for channel 2, the implementation of an eco-drainage system is proposed through the construction of nine infiltration wells, each with a radius of 0.3 m and a height of 1 m. Keywords: flooding, eco-drainage, infiltration well Abstrak Desa Kuta Padang yang berada di Kabupaten Aceh Barat merupakan wilayah yang memiliki permasalahan drainase sehingga menyebabkan genangan hingga ke badan jalan pada saat curah hujan tinggi. Kondisi ini terjadi akibat adanya sampah p…
creator: Delfian Masrura
creator: Rahmawati Rahmawati
creator: Fitry Hasdanita
creator: Nadya Yunisa Fahmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Delfian Masrura, Rahmawati Rahmawati, Fitry Hasdanita, Nadya Yunisa Fahmi
date: 2025-12-23
publication date: 2025-12-23
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 212
ending page: 226
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.275

The New Educational Frontier: Agentic AI's Evolutionary Journey Through The Lens of SPAR-4-SLR
type: item
description: Abstract The emergence of Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents a fundamental transformation in educational technology, characterized by systems capable of autonomous, adaptive, and proactive operation. This systematic literature review employs the SPAR-4-SLR methodology to analyze 281 publications from Scopus, with 251 articles retained after temporal filtering (2010-2024), revealing the evolutionary trajectory of Agentic AI in education. The analysis identifies three distinct evolutionary eras: the Early Era (2010-2015) characterized by rule-based intelligent tutoring systems exhibiting proto-agentic behaviors, the Transitional Era (2016-2019) marked by enhanced adaptive systems leveraging learning analytics and machine learning, and the Agentic Era (2020-2024) distinguished by sophisticated autonomous systems powered by Large Language Models. Through integrated bibliometric, co-occurrence network, and thematic analyses, the study establishes a conceptual framework encompassing five defining characteristics of Agentic AI: learning initiative, dynamic adaptability, multi-modal interaction, persistence and memory, and collaboration with human actors. Co-citation network analysis reveals the intellectual structure connecting foundational intelligent tutoring research to contemporary generative AI applications. Despite exponential growth in publications, significant gaps persist in theoretical conceptualization of agency, longitudinal impact evidence, and implementation across diverse educational contexts, particularly at primary education levels. This study provides a comprehensive research agenda addressing theoretical, methodological, and implementation gaps to advance the effective and equitable development of Agentic AI in education. Abstrak Kemunculan Agen Artificial Intelligence (AI) merepresentasikan transformasi fundamental dalam teknologi pendidikan, yang dicirikan oleh sistem yang mampu beroperasi secara otonom, adaptif, dan proaktif. Tinjauan lit…
creator: Sugeng Rifqi Mubaroq
creator: Mokhamad Arfan Wicaksono
creator: Sherly Rahmawati
creator: Iyan Gustiana
creator: Meiry Akmara Dhina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sugeng Rifqi Mubaroq, Mokhamad Arfan Wicaksono, Sherly Rahmawati, Iyan Gustiana, Meiry Akmara Dhina
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 227
ending page: 242
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.249

Identifikasi Perilaku Struktur Rusunawa Meulaboh Smart Building Menggunakan Sistem Base Isolation Tipe LRB
type: item
description: Abstract Indonesia located in an area where 3 plates meet. tectonic main, namely Indo-Australian, Eurasian, and Pacific plates. This make Indonesia as very vulnerable area to earthquake and have activity high sesmic to earthquake. from that , it is necessary planned something system structure damper earthquake that named is base isolation structure. Research objectives is knowing suitable LRB type For applied to buildings , and to knowing comparison between structure fixed base with base isolation . Rusunawa Building Meulaboh Smart Building (MSB) with 7 floors has a length of 14,30 and a width of 14,30. Analysis Method structure use ETABS v.21 software , which was analyzed is element structure building For know style in , displacement and story drift . Comparison results analysis structure fixed base with structure base isolation LRB type with type LH120G4A, in style in system base isolation more reduced , style in in the form of style axial , style shear , and moment in succession are 1.02%, 2.05% and 1.68%. displacement reduced X direction of 11.18% and the Y direction of 6.19%. From the results analysis that Usage base isolation more effective dampen earthquake compared to with structure fixed base. the analysis results, the deviation that occurred on the 7th floor was 45.470 mm, which was smaller than the requirement of 53 mm in the X-axis direction and 47.216 mm, which was smaller than the requirement of 53 mm in the Y-axis direction. Abstrak Negara Indonesia berada pada wilayah bertemunya 3 lempeng gempa tektonik utama, yaitu lempengan Indo-Australia, Eurasia, dan Pasifik. Hal ini menyebabkan Indonesia sebagai daerah yang sangat rawan terhadap gempa bumi dan memiliki aktivitas sesmik yang tinggi terhadap gempa bumi. Maka dari itu, perlu direncanakan sistem struktur peredam gempa dengan sistem base isolation. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis LRB yang cocok untuk diterapkan pada gedung, dan untuk mendapatkan perbandingan antara struktur bangunan fixe…
creator: Aulia Rahman
creator: samsunan samsuna
creator: Jarya jarya
creator: Inseun Yuri salena
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aulia Rahman, samsunan samsuna, Jarya jarya
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 243
ending page: 258
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.225

Analisis Pengaruh Parameter Mesin Cnc Laser Cutting terhadap Waktu dan Akurasi Dimensi
type: item
description: Abstract The manufacturing industry plays a vital role in supporting economic growth but often faces operational inefficiencies, particularly in the production process. PT XYZ, a leading steel manufacturing company in Indonesia, utilizes a CNC laser cutting machine model 3015H to produce components made from SS400 material. A high defect rate in cutting 2 mm thick SS400 plates indicates inefficiencies that require further investigation. This study aims to analyze the effects of cutting speed, laser height distance, and gas pressure on cutting time efficiency and dimensional accuracy. The research employs the Taguchi method for experimental design, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) for multi-response optimization, and MANOVA to determine the simultaneous significance of the process parameters. The results show that the optimal parameter combination for cutting time and dimensional accuracy is achieved at a cutting speed of 1.8 m/min, a laser height of 0.8 mm, and a gas pressure of 0.8 bar. Cutting speed was the most dominant factor affecting cutting time efficiency, with the fastest time recorded at 25.26 seconds and the highest delta value. Gas pressure had the most significant effect on dimensional accuracy, producing the smallest deviation of 0.0567 mm. MANOVA results indicated that all three parameters had a significant multivariate effect (p < 0.05), but only cutting time was significantly affected in the univariate test. In conclusion, proper process parameter settings can enhance cutting efficiency without compromising accuracy. These findings are expected to support technical decision-making to improve productivity at PT XYZ. Keywords: cnc laser cutting; ss400; taguchi; grey relational analysis; manova Abstrak Industri manufaktur merupakan sektor penting yang menopang pertumbuhan ekonomi, namun dalam praktiknya sering menghadapi tantangan berupa ketidakefisienan operasional, khususnya dalam proses produksi. PT XYZ sebagai perusahaan produsen baja terkemuka di In…
creator: Radhi Maladzi
creator: Rama Ardiansyah Putra
creator: Bayun Matsaany
creator: Nabila Yudisha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nabila Yudisha, Radhi Maladzi, bayun matsaany, Rama Ardiansyah Putra
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 259
ending page: 271
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.257

Analisis Temporal Perubahan Senyawa Dan Indikasi Korosi Awal Pada Beton Bertulang Di Lingkungan Air Laut Buatan Menggunakan FTIR
type: item
description: Abstract Marine environments are highly aggressive to reinforced concrete due to chloride ions that accelerate chemical degradation and initiate reinforcement corrosion, potentially causing early depassivation of steel. This study investigates the temporal evolution of chemical compounds in reinforced concrete and identifies early corrosion-related changes induced by artificial seawater exposure using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Structural-grade reinforced concrete specimens were exposed to artificial seawater with a salinity of approximately 3.5% NaCl under partial immersion conditions, where half of each specimen was immersed while the remaining half was exposed to laboratory air. The exposure period lasted 30 days, with surface concrete powder samples collected at selected intervals. FTIR analysis was conducted to monitor changes in key functional groups, including –OH (Ca(OH)₂), CO₃²⁻ (CaCO₃), calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H), and free silica. The results indicate progressive carbonation from the early stages of exposure, evidenced by a gradual reduction in –OH intensity and a corresponding increase in carbonate peaks, reflecting a decrease in concrete alkalinity. A notable increase in –OH intensity during the exposure period suggests enhanced moisture absorption, which may facilitate chloride ion diffusion. Although C–S–H phases persisted throughout the test duration, the appearance of free silica at later stages indicates the onset of hydration matrix degradation. These findings demonstrate that progressive carbonation combined with moisture absorption under partial immersion conditions can accelerate early reinforcement depassivation and potentially shorten the service life of reinforced concrete in artificial marine environments. Keywords: Reinforced concrete, corrosion, FTIR, carbonation, artificial seawater Abstrak Lingkungan laut merupakan salah satu kondisi paling agresif terhadap beton bertulang karena keberadaan ion klorida yang dap…
creator: Herdi Susanto
creator: Farid Jayadi
creator: Yuza Husran
creator: Hanif Hanif
creator: Mawardi Mawardi
creator: Zulkifli Zulkifli
creator: Khairol Mizan Us
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Herdi Susanto
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 272
ending page: 281
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.252

Prioritas Rehabilitasi Jaringan Irigasi Di Jeuram Menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Untuk Mengoptimalkan Produktivitas Pertanian
type: item
description: Abstract This study aimed to determine the priority of rehabilitation and maintenance of the Jeuram irrigation network in Nagan Raya Regency using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Damage identification was carried out through field surveys on irrigation networks in Blang Ara Village and Cot Gud Village, which recorded moderate damage as the most dominant. The assessment of rehabilitation priorities was based on four criteria: patching leaks, vegetation control, channel rehabilitation, and channel cleaning, with patching leaks having the highest weight (0.634). The evaluation results showed that Minor Structural Repair was the top priority alternative with the highest performance score (2.05), followed by Irrigation Channel Edge Strengthening (1.95) and Irrigation Dam Reconstruction (1.80). The repair budget showed a dominance of concrete work, reflecting the need to strengthen the physical structure of the channel. The total budget required for Blang Ara Village is Rp33,291,247.24, while for Cot Gud Village it is Rp31,374,880.50. The AHP-based approach provides an objective assessment in determining rehabilitation priorities by considering the level of damage, budget efficiency, and its impact on agricultural productivity. The results of this study provide strategic guidance for more efficient and sustainable irrigation network management, supporting increased agricultural productivity, and ensuring the sustainability of irrigation systems for future needs. Keywords: Analytical hierarchy process (AHP); irrigation maintenance costs; irrigation infrastructure; irrigation repair priorities Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan prioritas rehabilitasi dan pemeliharaan jaringan irigasi Jeuram di Kabupaten Nagan Raya menggunakan metode analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Berdasarkan hasil observasi lapangan, ditemukan berbagai permasalahan fisik pada jaringan irigasi, antara lain retaknya dinding saluran, pertumbuhan vegetasi liar pada dinding dan…
creator: Dian Febrianti
creator: Edi Mawardi
creator: Teuku Farizal
creator: Zakia Zakia
creator: Ruhalena willis
creator: Elviani Elviani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dian Febrianti
date: 2025-12-24
publication date: 2025-12-24
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 282
ending page: 296
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.243

Analisis Tren Historis Dan Proyeksi Curah Hujan 2080 Di Das Juwana: Pendekatan Downscaling Statistik
type: item
description: Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, wilayah Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Juwana di Jawa Tengah semakin sering dilanda banjir sehingga berdampak serius, mulai dari kerugian ekonomi hingga gangguan kesehatan pada masyarakat. Perubahan penggunaan lahan dan pengaruh perubahan iklim global diyakini menjadi pemicu utama perubahan pola curah hujan di wilayah ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memahami bagaimana dinamika curah hujan berkembang di DAS Juwana selama 22 tahun terakhir (1998–2019), serta bagaimana kondisi ini mungkin berubah hingga tahun 2080 berdasarkan dua skenario iklim yaitu pada kondisi RCP 4.5 dan RCP 8.5. Kami menggunakan metode downscaling statistik dengan data curah hujan satelit TRMM yang dikombinasikan dengan model iklim global CMIP5. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa DAS Juwana memiliki pola hujan tropis, dengan puncak curah hujan terjadi pada Desember hingga Februari. Beberapa tahun seperti 2006, 2008, dan 2010 mencatat hujan ekstrem yang bertepatan dengan fenomena La Niña. Proyeksi ke depan menunjukkan adanya tren peningkatan intensitas curah hujan, khususnya pada musim hujan. Di bawah skenario RCP 8.5, lonjakan curah hujan lebih tajam dibandingkan RCP 4.5, terutama pada Januari dan Desember. Temuan ini menjadi peringatan penting akan meningkatnya risiko banjir ekstrem di masa depan dan menegaskan perlunya strategi adaptasi serta perencanaan pengelolaan air yang lebih tanggap terhadap perubahan iklim masa depan.
creator: Chindy Victorya
creator: Endah Kurniyaningrum
creator: Dina Paramita Anggraini
creator: Teddy Sudinda
creator: Muhammad Luthfi Assidik
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Chindy Victorya, Endah Kurniyaningrum, Dina Paramita Anggraini, Rais Amin
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 297
ending page: 307
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.231

Pemetaan Kemampuan Mahasiswa Dalam Penulisan Akademik Sebagai Dasar Sistem Pembelajaran Pendidikan Tinggi Berbasis AI
type: item
description: Abstract Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology have yet to fully address fundamental challenges in academic writing within the context of higher education. Most existing systems remain focused on surface-level corrections, offering limited support for students struggling to construct logical arguments, organize ideas coherently, and adhere to the structural conventions of academic discourse. This study aims to analyze and map students’ academic writing proficiency as a foundation for developing AI-based learning systems that are responsive to actual needs in higher education. Employing a descriptive quantitative approach, data were collected through a closed-ended online questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. The instrument was designed based on five key dimensions: writing structure, language proficiency, argumentation and logic, referencing, and technical skills, using a 5-point Likert scale. A total of 132 final-year students from various Indonesian universities—particularly those in construction-related disciplines—participated in the study. Contextual analysis was conducted based on study programs, and data validity was enhanced through triangulation. The findings reveal that while most students fall within the “competent” category, notable deficiencies remain in language mastery and logical argumentation, preventing many from reaching a “highly competent” level. These results highlight persistent gaps in academic literacy that necessitate innovative learning interventions. The development of AI-assisted systems capable of delivering both technical and conceptual feedback is therefore essential to improving the quality of student academic writing. Further research is recommended to design an integrated AI-based academic writing platform and to expand the study population across institutions to strengthen the generalizability of the findings. Abstrak Saat ini, kemajuan teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam pendidikan tinggi b…
creator: Sri Rahayu
creator: Hanifah Indah Rahmawati
creator: Zahra Ghinaya
creator: Danny Meirawan
creator: Sukadi Sukadi
creator: Dedi Purwanto
creator: Rieske Iswardhany
creator: Dewi Ayu Sofia
creator: Rais Amin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Rahayu, Hanifah Indah Rahmawati, Zahra Ghinaya, Danny Meirawan, Sukadi Sukadi, Dedi Purwanto, Rieske Iswardhany, Dewi Ayu Sofia, Rais Amin
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 308
ending page: 323
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.248

Pengaruh Faktor Umur Dan Lingkungan Terhadap Organisasi Terhadap Durabilitas Beton Dengan Substitusi Parsial Serbuk Kayu
type: item
description: Abstract Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials owing to its excellent compressive strength. Nevertheless, its long-term performance remains susceptible to environmental factors. Fluctuations in temperature, humidity, and solar radiation can significantly impair concrete durability and structural integrity. This study explores the potential of utilizing sawdust waste as a partial replacement (2% by weight of fine aggregate) to improve environmental sustainability while evaluating its effects on mechanical properties. The research investigates the compressive strength of concrete incorporating 2% sawdust at curing ages of 28, 45, and 60 days under two distinct exposure conditions: indoor (controlled) and outdoor (natural) environments. An experimental laboratory approach was adopted using the Department of the Environment (DoE) mix design method. Cube specimens (150 × 150 × 150 mm) were prepared in two variants: normal concrete and concrete with 2% sawdust substitution. Results reveal that the incorporation of sawdust reduces compressive strength compared to control specimens, although strength continues to increase with curing age in both groups. Specimens cured indoors exhibited more consistent strength gain, whereas those exposed outdoors experienced a noticeable strength decline at 60 days. While the use of sawdust as a partial fine aggregate replacement offers an environmentally sound waste valorization strategy, it adversely affects mechanical performance and long-term durability. Further research is recommended prior to its practical implementation in structural applications. Keywords: Concrete; sawdust; compressive strength Abstrak Beton merupakan material konstruksi yang paling banyak digunakan karena memiliki kuat tekan tinggi. Namun, beton tetap rentan terhadap pengaruh lingkungan dalam jangka panjang. Variasi suhu, kelembaban, dan radiasi matahari dapat menurunkan durabilitas serta kinerja struktural beton secara signifikan. Peneli…
creator: Nisrina Salsabila
creator: Musbar Musbar
creator: Ruhana Ruhana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Musbar Musbar
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 324
ending page: 331
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.251

Evaluation of Signalized Intersection Capacity and PCE Using Linear Regression in Mixed Traffic
type: item
description: Abstrak Persimpangan bersinyal memainkan peran penting dalam manajemen lalu lintas perkotaan, terutama di wilayah dengan karakteristik lalu lintas campuran seperti Banda Aceh. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai nilai Ekivalen Mobil Penumpang (EMP) berdasarkan data aliran jenuh aktual pada simpang bersinyal AMD Batoh. Data dikumpulkan melalui rekaman video selama 120 siklus waktu hijau pada empat pendekatan simpang, dengan klasifikasi kendaraan meliputi Sepeda Motor (MC), Kendaraan Ringan (LV), Becak Bermotor (MR), dan Kendaraan Berat (HV). Analisis regresi linier menghasilkan koefisien positif, yang menunjukkan bahwa setiap penambahan satu unit kendaraan meningkatkan waktu hijau efektif sebesar 0,14 detik untuk MC, 1,12 detik untuk LV, 0,73 detik untuk MR, dan 1,58 detik untuk HV. Model regresi juga menghasilkan nilai Adjusted R² sebesar 0,94, yang menunjukkan tingkat kesesuaian model yang sangat baik. Nilai EMP lokal yang diperoleh berbeda dari referensi standar dalam PKJI 2023, khususnya untuk kendaraan informal. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya penyesuaian lokal dalam analisis kapasitas simpang guna mendukung perencanaan lalu lintas yang lebih akurat dan kontekstual. Kata Kunci: Simpang Bersinyal; Ekivalen Mobil Penumpang (EMP); Aliran Jenuh; Regresi Linier; Lalu Lintas Campuran Abstract Signalized intersections play a vital role in urban traffic management, especially in areas with mixed traffic characteristics such as Banda Aceh. This study aims to determine the Passenger Car Equivalent (PCE) values based on actual saturation flow data at the AMD Batoh signalized intersection. Data were collected through video recordings over 120 green time cycles across four intersection approaches, with vehicle classifications including Motorcycles (MC), Light Vehicles (LV), Motorized Rickshaws (MR), and Heavy Vehicles (HV). Linear regression analysis produced positive coefficients, indicating that each additional vehicle unit increases the effective green time by 0.1…
creator: Iqra Mona Meilinda
creator: Muhammad Dani Auliya
creator: Sugiarto Sugiarto
creator: Yusria Darma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iqra Mona Meilinda
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 332
ending page: 344
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.265

Penentuan Sudut Kemiringan Optimal Instalasi Panel Surya Untuk Memaksimalkan Energi Output: Sistematic Literatur Review
type: item
description: Abstract This paper presents a systematic literature review on determining the optimal tilt angle (OTA) for photovoltaic solar panel installation. The research method uses a systematic literature review approach by analyzing 30 scientific articles published between 2013 and 2025 from the IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, MDPI, and Springer databases. The analysis results show that geographic latitude is the dominant factor in determining OTA, with tropical regions requiring an angle of 5°-15° and mid-high latitude regions requiring 30°-60°. The research methodology has evolved from a simple empirical approach to the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence with a prediction accuracy of R² > 0.95. For equatorial regions such as Indonesia, the optimal angle ranges from local latitude ± 5° with low sensitivity to deviation (±5° only affects output < 3%). The study also identified that seasonal adjustment provides a 6-15% increase in output for mid-latitude regions, but is not cost-effective for tropical regions. The conclusions of this study provide practical recommendations based on geographic zones and identify research gaps related to climate change impacts, optimization for bifacial technology, and development of economically adaptive systems. Keywords: Solar panels; optimal tilt angle; energy optimization; systematic literature review Abstrak Naskah ini menyajikan tinjauan literatur sistematis tentang penentuan sudut kemiringan optimal (optimal tilt angle/OTA) untuk instalasi panel surya fotovoltaik. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan systematic literature review dengan menganalisis 30 artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2013 hingga 2025 dari database IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, MDPI, dan Springer. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa lintang geografis merupakan faktor dominan dalam penentuan OTA, dengan wilayah tropis memerlukan sudut 5°-15° dan wilayah lintang menengah-tinggi memerlukan 30°-60°. Metodologi penelitian telah berkembang dari pend…
creator: T. M. Azis Pandria
creator: Teuku Mizan Sya'rani Denk
creator: Bambang Tripoli
creator: Ary Firnanda
creator: Herdian Saputra
creator: Lissa Opirina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 T. M. Azis Pandria, Teuku Mizan Sya'rani Denk, Bambang Tripoli, Ary Firnanda, Herdian Saputra, Lissa Opirina
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 355
ending page: 364
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.273

Analysis of Performance Characteristics and Efficiency of Electric Car Battery Charging Using The Method (CC-CV)
type: item
description: Abstract The growth of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to increase in line with the global awareness of the importance of using environmentally friendly energy. One of the main components in an EV system is the battery, which requires an efficient and safe charging system. The Constant Current–Constant Voltage (CC-CV) charging method is one of the most commonly used approaches, as it maintains stable current and voltage during the charging process. This study aims to design a battery charging system simulation for electric vehicles using the CC-CV method, analyze the charging performance characteristics, and evaluate its efficiency. The research method used is simulation with MATLAB/Simulink software. The research stages include literature review, problem identification, circuit simulation design, simulation implementation, and result analysis. A PI Controller is employed to precisely regulate current and voltage, along with State of Charge (SoC) and voltage sensors to monitor the battery condition in real-time. Simulation results show that the system is capable of automatically transitioning between Constant Current (CC) and Constant Voltage (CV) modes responsively and stably. In CC mode, charging occurs rapidly with constant current, while in CV mode, voltage is kept stable and current gradually decreases. The achieved charging indicating that the CC-CV method enables a fast, safe, and efficient charging process while minimizing the risks of overcharging and overvoltage. Abstrak Pertumbuhan kendaraan listrik (electric vehicle/EV) terus meningkat seiring dengan kesadaran global terhadap pentingnya penggunaan energi ramah lingkungan. Salah satu komponen utama dalam sistem kendaraan listrik adalah baterai, yang memerlukan sistem pengisian daya yang efisien dan aman. Metode pengisian Constant Current–Constant Voltage (CC-CV) merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang paling umum digunakan karena mampu menjaga kestabilan arus dan tegangan selama proses pengisian. Penelitia…
creator: Muhammad Hanafi Sahar Lubis
creator: Arnawan Hasibuan
creator: Dedi Fariadi
creator: Dahlan Abdullah
creator: Fakhruddin Ahmad Nasution
creator: Misbahul Jannah
creator: Abdullah A. Z
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Hanafi Sahar Lubis, Arnawan Hasibuan, Dedi Fariadi, Dahlan Abdullah, Fakhruddin Ahmad Nasution, Misbahul Jannah, Abdullah A. Z
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 365
ending page: 375
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.250

Analisis Pop-Up Infak pada Aplikasi Byond BSI Menggunakan Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
type: item
description: Abstract This study aims to analyze the level of acceptance in the use of the pop-up donation feature in the Byond Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) application using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach. In the Byond BSI application, there is a pop-up donation feature that is useful for transactions so that customers are more active in paying donations online. To assess the level of customer satisfaction with the pop-up donation in the Byond BSI application, the author analyzed using the TAM method approach created by Davis (1989). This method provides a basic theory for observing and understanding user behavior in receiving and using information systems. Data collection using Google Forms in the form of questionnaires distributed to customers or clients who use the Byond BSI application which includes 100 respondents. Previously, the instrument will be tested first with the Validity Test and Reliability Test. The Validity Test to ensure each question is indeed appropriate to measure the intended variable. The test results show that all items have a higher correlation than the r table (0.195), so they are declared valid. And the Reliability Test, to ensure the consistency of the answers. The Cronbach's Alpha test results showed values above 0.70 for all variables, thus the instrument is reliable. The results showed that Perceived Ease of Use had a percentage of 42%, the Perceived Usefulness indicator with a percentage of 37%, then the Perceived Behavioral Interest indicator obtained a percentage of 36%. Based on the descriptive analysis that has been done, the users of the pop-up infak feature on the Byond BSI application have not met the satisfaction standard so that it is not very well received by Byond application users. Keywords: Byond BSI application, pop-up Infak, TAM method Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat penerimaan dalam penggunaan fitur pop-up infak di aplikasi Byond Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) dengan menggunakan metode pe…
creator: Ridha Aminullah
creator: Muliza Muliza
creator: Yoni Hendrawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ridha Aminullah, Muliza Muliza, Yoni Hendrawan, M. Aditya Ananda, Haimi Ardiansyah
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 376
ending page: 384
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.261

Evaluasi Kinerja Saluran Drainase Pada Jalan Nasional Di Kawasan Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe
type: item
description: Abstract Inadequate drainage management compromises community safety and comfort, leading to recurrent flooding in the areas surrounding the Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe campus, Cut Mutia General Hospital, and nearby areas. During periods of high rainfall intensity, approximately 100–150 mm/day, flooding commonly occurs in these areas almost every year. Flood depths can reach 50–100 cm, preventing vehicles from passing and resulting in long traffic congestion. This study aims to predict the magnitude of excess runoff discharge in the drainage channels along the studied road section. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was employed to analyse channel capacity using data from existing drainage inventories, topographic maps, rainfall data, and land-use information. The results of the performance analysis and evaluation indicate that the design rainfall for the 2-year and 5-year return periods at the station are 106.01 mm/day and 155.56 mm/day, respectively. The flow pattern in the study area is divided into two outfalls, discharging into the Alue Raya tributary and the Alue Awe channel. The flood discharge in the channel leading to the Alue Awe tributary is 4.05 m³/s for the 2-year return period and 6.15 m³/s for the 5-year return period. Based on the discharge associated with the 2-year return period and the existing channel condition, which is filled with sediment up to a height of 50 cm, the channel is unable to accommodate the flow. As a result, overtopping occurs with a flood volume of 22,083.00 m³. This overflow has the potential to cause inundation around the drainage channel or along the road within the study area. Keywords: Drainage; Flooding; Raifall Abstrak Pengelolaan drainase yang kurang baik sering menjadi sumber berbagai permasalahan, terutama ketika rasa aman dan nyaman masyarakat terhadap ancaman banjir dan pencemaran tidak terpenuhi. Permasalahan serupa juga terjadi di kawasan Kampus Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe, Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Mutia, sert…
creator: Ibrahim Ibrahim
creator: Tusina Tursina
creator: Muhammad Reza
creator: Abdullah Irwansyah
creator: Salwa Fitria Ibrahim
creator: Syarifah Keumala Intan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Ibrahim Ibrahim
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 345
ending page: 354
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.246

Sistem IoT dan Algoritma Naive Bayes untuk Monitoring Kualitas Air Laut secara Real-Time
type: item
description: Abstract This study develops a real-time seawater quality monitoring system by integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology and the Naive Bayes classification algorithm. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller equipped with pH and turbidity sensors to collect seawater quality data from coastal areas. The sensor data are transmitted continuously to a Firebase Realtime Database and visualized through an Android-based mobile application developed using Flutter. The Naive Bayes model was trained using a public Kaggle dataset consisting of 5,569 water quality records classified into polluted and unpolluted categories, and then applied to classify real-time sensor data collected at Pantai Pusong, Aceh. Data preprocessing included cleaning, normalization, outlier handling, and class balancing. Experimental results show that the proposed system is capable of performing stable real-time data acquisition, transmission, and visualization. The Naive Bayes classification achieved an accuracy of 53%, with better performance in identifying unpolluted seawater conditions than polluted ones. Although the classification accuracy is moderate, the results demonstrate that the integration of IoT devices, cloud services, and probabilistic machine learning can provide a functional end-to-end solution for real-time seawater quality monitoring and early environmental awareness in coastal regions. Keywords: Internet of things; naive bayes; real-time monitoring; seawater quality; turbidity Abstrak Penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem monitoring kualitas air laut secara real-time dengan mengintegrasikan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) dan algoritma klasifikasi Naive Bayes. Sistem menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 yang dilengkapi sensor pH dan turbidity untuk mengakuisisi data kualitas air laut di wilayah pesisir. Data sensor dikirimkan secara kontinu ke Firebase Realtime Database dan ditampilkan melalui aplikasi Android berbasis Flutter. Model Naive Bayes dilatih menggunakan dataset p…
creator: Mulyadi Myladi
creator: Haikal Murtaza
creator: Atthariq Huzaifah
creator: Zulfan Khairil Simbolon
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Zulfan Khairil Simbolon
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 385
ending page: 396
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.291

Faktor-Faktor Pemborosan Material Pekerjaan Arsitektural Pada Proyek Perumahan Griya Gigeh Putroe Ijo
type: item
description: Abstract In residential construction, one of the major issues encountered is material waste, referring to the excessive use or presence of materials that do not add value to the construction work. There are several causes of material waste in construction, including the overconsumption of resources, the consolidation and expansion of technical specifications across multiple buildings, the reduction in material quality due to handling processes or mobilization errors, the deterioration of materials caused by weather conditions or improper storage, the lack of documentation for materials received and utilized, construction debris, as well as surplus materials resulting from preparation and finishing works.This study focuses on analyzing the factors that influence material waste in architectural works and identifying the dominant factors contributing to material waste in the architectural phase of the Griya Gigeh Putroe Ijo housing project, using the index method. Based on the research findings, the most dominant factor affecting material waste in architectural works is the variable Residual/Excess Material and Implementation, which consists of indicators such as worker errors, adverse weather conditions, unusable material offcuts, incorrect cutting dimensions, and inappropriate material orders resulting from inaccurate estimations. This is supported by the highest mean value of 4.86. The calculation using the index method indicates that the percentage value of the material waste index factor in architectural works is 92.04%, which falls within the 90%–100% range. Therefore, it can be categorized as Highly Influential in causing material waste in architectural activities within the Griya Gigeh Putroe Ijo housing development project, located in Meulaboh City, West Aceh Regency. Keywords: Waste; Material; Architectural Work; Housing Project; Griya Gigeh Putroe Ijo. Abstrak Dalam konstruksi perumahan, salah satu masalah yang ditemui adalah pemborosan material atau jumlah …
creator: Rita Fazlina
creator: Rinaldy Rinaldy
creator: Raina Parmitalia Dinda
creator: Zulyaden Zulyaden
creator: Fadli Idris
creator: Astiah Amir
creator: Rezqi Malia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rita Fazlina, Rinaldy Rinaldy, Raina Parmitalia Dinda, Zulyaden Zulyaden, Fadli Idris, Astiah Amir, Rezqi Malia
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 7
number: 2
starting page: 397
ending page: 407
doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.274