Analisis Karakteristik Modul PV Monocrystalline dan Polycrystalline di Lingkungan Tropis
Abstract
Monocrystalline and polycrystalline photovoltaic modules continue to dominate solar power system applications; however, experimental evidence based on field measurements in tropical environments remains relatively limited. This study aims to analyze and compare the performance of both PV module types through outdoor testing conducted over 30 days in Indonesia, considering the combined effects of module temperature, dust deposition, and relative humidity. The method employed was comparative field testing with real-time monitoring of key electrical parameters, namely voltage, current, and power, as well as environmental variables. The results indicate that monocrystalline modules consistently outperform polycrystalline modules, with an average power output of 102.4 W (8.6% higher) and a conversion efficiency of 17.8% (11.9% higher). Statistical analysis confirms that the performance difference is significant (p < 0.0001; Cohen’s d = 1.85). Module operating temperature was identified as the dominant factor contributing to power degradation, followed by dust and humidity. Collectively, these three environmental factors resulted in an estimated power loss of 13.4% for monocrystalline modules and 16.0% for polycrystalline modules. These findings suggest that monocrystalline modules are better suited for small-scale and residential PV applications in tropical regions due to their superior performance, higher efficiency, and greater thermal resilience.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ali, H. B., Kamran, M. A., Gul, R. M., Yasir, M., Alabdullah, F. T., Usman, C., & Tariq, A. (2024). Mechanical integrity of photovoltaic panels under hailstorms: Mono vs. poly-crystalline comparison. Heliyon, 10(4), e25865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25865
Almarri, A., AlMutairi, R., Alnass, F., Alghamdi, N., Mohamady Ghobashy, M., Attia, M. S., & Madani, M. (2025). Experimental and modeling study of dust composition impact on photovoltaic performance in arid coastal environments. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 39, 5455–5467. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMRT.2025.10.169
Azis Pandria, T. M., Mizan Sya’rani Denk, T., Tripoli, B., Firnanda, A., Saputra, H., Penentuan, L. O., & Kemiringan…, S. (2025). Penentuan Sudut Kemiringan Optimal Instalasi Panel Surya Untuk Memaksimalkan Energi Output: Systematic Literature Review. VOCATECH: Vocational Education and Technology Journal, 7(2), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.38038/VOCATECH.V7I2.273
Choulli, I., Elyaqouti, M., Arjdal, E. H., Saadaoui, D., Ben Hmamou, D., Lidaighbi, S., Elhammoudy, A., Abazine, I., & Ydir, B. (2026). An analytical-iterative method for accurate parameter estimation of the single-diode model in photovoltaic modules: Application to monocrystalline and polycrystalline modules under various environmental conditions. Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation, 5(1), 100285. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GEITS.2025.100285
Daniar, R., Basyir, M., Dewi, A. F., Finawan, A., Yaman, ., Yassir, ., & Ramzil, M. (2026). Performance Enhancement of Solar PV Panels Using Splash Fill Cooling under Tropical Conditions. INTI Journal, 2026(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.61453/INTIJ.20260101
Dhar, A., Bora, B., Malik, S., Banerjee, C., & Komarala, V. K. (2026). Limitations of indoor characterization for estimating outdoor power generation of bifacial PV modules. Solar Energy, 303, 114091. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SOLENER.2025.114091
Ezzini, M., Mouachi, R., Ennejjar, M., El Gourari, A., Boukendil, M., & Raoufi, M. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Performance in Arid Climates Using Random Forest for Missing Data Completion. 2024 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Applications, DASA 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/DASA63652.2024.10836307
Hachemi, N., Sakher, E., Baira, F., Eddine, D. H., Bouraiou, A., Bellucci, S., Albrahim, M., & Benguerba, Y. (2025). Microstructural and phase degradation of monocrystalline solar photovoltaic panels under extreme desert conditions: Insights from XRD and FTIR analysis. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 339, 130742. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATCHEMPHYS.2025.130742
Hasan, M., Sutrisno, B., Hartadhi, Faradilla, A., Tarno, Kamil, B., Khairiani, D., Lande, N. M., Sibagariang, Y. P., & Sitorus, T. B. (2026). Performance evaluation of bifacial and monofacial floating photovoltaic systems: A case study under tropical conditions. Results in Engineering, 29, 108791. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RINENG.2025.108791
Hudișteanu, V. S., Cherecheș, N. C., Țurcanu, F. E., Hudișteanu, I., & Romila, C. (2024). Impact of Temperature on the Efficiency of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Panels: A Comprehensive Experimental Analysis for Sustainable Energy Solutions. Sustainability 2024, Vol. 16, 16(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU162310566
Kumari, N., Kumar Singh, S., Kumar, S., & Kumar Jadoun, V. (2024). Performance Investigation of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline PV Modules Under Real Conditions. IEEE Access, 12, 169869–169878. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3497318
Putriani, P., Basyir, M., & Finawan, A. (2019). Sistem Monitoring Alat Uji Karakteristik Panel Surya Berbasis Mikrokontroler. Jurnal TEKTRO, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.30811/TEKTRO.V3I2.1552
Renewables 2024 – Analysis - IEA. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2026, from https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2024
Sajjad, U., & Ali, H. M. (2026). Insights into effect of thermal distribution on overall efficiency and effective life span of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules. Results in Engineering, 29, 108540. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RINENG.2025.108540
Shajid, S. R., Jim, M. H. K., Kibria, M. G., & Mourshed, M. (2026). Impact of dust, humidity, and design flaws on PV performance: A review. Energy Reports, 15, 108926. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EGYR.2025.108926
Tawfik, M. H. M., Abdeltwab, M. M., & Maghrabie, H. M. (2026). Experimental investigation on the performance of PV panels using water cooling system aided by ground source heat exchangers. Solar Energy, 305, 114252. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SOLENER.2025.114252
Verma, S., Yadav, D. K., Bora, B., & Lal, S. (2026). Quantifying mechanical stress effects on mono PERC and polycrystalline PV modules with EL imaging and statistical analysis. Unconventional Resources, 9, 100276. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.UNCRES.2025.100276
Victorya Latuparissa, C., Kurniyaningrum, E., A Hidayat, D. P., Sudinda, T., & Luthfi Assidik Analisis tren historis, M. (2025). Analisis Tren Historis Dan Proyeksi Curah Hujan 2080 Di Das Juwana: Pendekatan Downscaling Statistik. VOCATECH: Vocational Education and Technology Journal, 7(2), 297–307. https://doi.org/10.38038/VOCATECH.V7I2.231
Yaman, T., M. R., & B. M. (2025). Design of an Off-Grid Solar Power System for a Residential-Scale 1300 VA Application. INTI Journal, 2025(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.61453/INTIJ.202509
Yuwono, T., Zaenuri Program Studi, M. S., & Elektro Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Ronggolawe, T. (2022). Karakteristik Daya Panel Surya Polycrystalline 100 WP Terhadap Perubahan Temperatur. Jurnal Nasional Pengelolaan Energi MigasZoom, 4(2), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.37525/MZ/2022-2/305
DOI: https://doi.org/10.38038/vocatech.v8i1.324
Refbacks
Vocatech : Vocational and Technology Journal
Unit Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat & Penjaminan Mutu
Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat
Komplek STTU Alue Peunyareng, Ujong Tanoh Darat, Meureubo, Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Aceh 23615
Telp. (0655) 7110271
Email: vocatech@aknacehbarat.ac.id
Vocatech: Vocational Education and Technology Journal Published by:
Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat & Penjaminan Mutu
Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat
Indexed by:
Vocatech: Vocational Education and Technology Journal Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Published by: Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat & Penjaminan Mutu Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat