Penentuan Sudut Kemiringan Optimal Instalasi Panel Surya Untuk Memaksimalkan Energi Output: Sistematic Literatur Review
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents a systematic literature review on determining the optimal tilt angle (OTA) for photovoltaic solar panel installation. The research method uses a systematic literature review approach by analyzing 30 scientific articles published between 2013 and 2025 from the IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, MDPI, and Springer databases. The analysis results show that geographic latitude is the dominant factor in determining OTA, with tropical regions requiring an angle of 5°-15° and mid-high latitude regions requiring 30°-60°. The research methodology has evolved from a simple empirical approach to the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence with a prediction accuracy of R² > 0.95. For equatorial regions such as Indonesia, the optimal angle ranges from local latitude ± 5° with low sensitivity to deviation (±5° only affects output < 3%). The study also identified that seasonal adjustment provides a 6-15% increase in output for mid-latitude regions, but is not cost-effective for tropical regions. The conclusions of this study provide practical recommendations based on geographic zones and identify research gaps related to climate change impacts, optimization for bifacial technology, and development of economically adaptive systems.
Keywords:
Solar panels; optimal tilt angle; energy optimization; systematic literature review
Abstrak
Naskah ini menyajikan tinjauan literatur sistematis tentang penentuan sudut kemiringan optimal (optimal tilt angle/OTA) untuk instalasi panel surya fotovoltaik. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan systematic literature review dengan menganalisis 30 artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2013 hingga 2025 dari database IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, MDPI, dan Springer. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa lintang geografis merupakan faktor dominan dalam penentuan OTA, dengan wilayah tropis memerlukan sudut 5°-15° dan wilayah lintang menengah-tinggi memerlukan 30°-60°. Metodologi penelitian telah berkembang dari pendekatan empiris sederhana menuju penggunaan machine learning dan artificial intelligence dengan akurasi prediksi R² > 0.95. Untuk wilayah ekuatorial seperti Indonesia, sudut optimal berkisar antara lintang lokal ± 5° dengan sensitivitas rendah terhadap deviasi (±5° hanya mempengaruhi output < 3%). Penelitian juga mengidentifikasi bahwa penyesuaian musiman memberikan peningkatan output 6-15% untuk wilayah lintang menengah, namun tidak cost-effective untuk wilayah tropis. Simpulan penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi praktis berbasis zona geografis dan mengidentifikasi gap penelitian terkait dampak perubahan iklim, optimalisasi untuk teknologi bifacial, dan pengembangan sistem adaptif yang ekonomis.
Kata Kunci:
Panel surya; sudut kemiringan optimal; optimalisasi energi; Sistematic Literature ReviewFull Text:
PDFReferences
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.38038/vocatech.v7i2.273
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